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Richard Parmater (Parm) Pettipiece (1875 – 10 January 1960) was a Canadian socialist and publisher. He was one of the founders of Socialist Party of Canada, and one of the leaders of the Canadian socialist movement in British Columbia in the early 20th century. Later he moved into the moderate trade union movement, and for many years was a Vancouver alderman. ==Early Years== Richard Parmeter Pettipiece was born in Ontario in 1875. He was a newspaper vendor in Calgary as a boy, then joined the printing trade in 1890. In 1894 he moved to South Edmonton (later re-named Strathcona) and started a weekly newspaper, the ''South Edmonton News''. The first ice hockey match between the newly formed South Edmonton Shamrocks and the Edmonton Thistles was held on 31 January 1896. Pettipiece was secretary of the Shamrocks, which he supported in his paper. He was also active in the local branch of the Orange Order.〔Tom Monto. Old Strathcona Edmonton`s Southside Roots. Crang Publishing, Alhambra Books (2012)〕 He left South Edmonton in 1896 to found a weekly paper in Revelstoke, British Columbia, but soon sold it. Pettipiece began to publish the ''Lardeau Eagle'' in Ferguson, British Columbia, a miner's journal that published the views of the Canadian Socialist League (CSL). In 1900 Pettipiece supported female enfranchisement in the ''Lardeau Eagle''. A strike began in Rossland, British Columbia in July 1901 in response to efforts by the mining companies to break the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) locals. The companies ignored the Alien Labor Law and brought strike-breakers from the United States in large numbers. When the WFM called on the federal government to take action the prime minister Wilfrid Laurier and the justice minister David Mills replied that they did not have jurisdiction. Pettipiece said "the Laurier government is afraid to enforce the provisions of a law placed in the statutes by themselves." The strike had collapsed by November. In 1901 Pettipiece settled in Vancouver, where he joined the ''Vancouver Province''. In 1902 Pettipiece sold the ''Lardeau Eagle'' and bought an interest in Toronto-based CSL organ ''Citizen and Country'', which he moved to Vancouver. With the help of the founder George Weston Wrigley the paper began to appear in July 1902 as the ''Canadian Socialist''. After the failure of the Rossland strike, a WFM convention was held in Kamloops early in 1902, where socialism was declared the official ideology of the union. Eugene V. Debs launched a successful campaign to destroy the Progressive party and ensure socialist control of the union. In January 1903 Pettipiece was able to write that "in the Kootenays a miners' union meeting is converted into a socialist meeting without turning out the lights." In January 1903 the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) began a campaign to break the United Brotherhood of Railway Employees (UBRE) local in its freight department in Vancouver, and in late February 1903 the union went on strike, with support from socialist and unions across western Canada. The CPR fought the strike ruthlessly, bringing in scabs from central Canada and the USA, and using spies and special police. The CPR bribed Harold Poore, the UBRE organizer in Canada, to give them union secrets. Special police fatally shot the labor and socialist leader Frank Rogers while he was picketing. Pettipiece wrote, "nowhere else in the British Empire would such a condition be possible, and it has seldom been equaled anywhere in the long and painful history of the tragedy of labor." The courts exonerated the company of responsibility. Pettipiece renamed his paper to ''Western Socialist'', which then was merged with two other newspapers and appeared on 8 May 1903 as the ''Western Clarion''. The paper was named after the ''Clarion'' published by Robert Blatchford in England. The ''Western Clarion'' had a guaranteed circulation of 6,000 three days a week. Although privately owned the paper expressed the views of the Socialist Party of British Columbia, but gave coverage to controversies among Canadian socialist groups. The morale of socialists in British Columbia was boosted by their strong showing in the 1903 provincial election. The party considered that movements in Britain and the United States were not revolutionary enough. The highly developed capitalism in BC had resulted in the most advanced socialist movement in North America. Pettipiece said, "fate has decreed this position in the world's history to us, and we should prove to the workers of the world that we can rise to the occasion; let us stand firm; keep our organization iron-clad, aye "narrow" and see that we shy clear of the rocks of danger which have wrecked so many well-meaning movements." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Parmater Pettipiece」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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